Centre International de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (CIMPA)
http://www.cimpa-icpam.org

CIMPA (International Centre for Pure and Applied Mathematics) is a non-profit international organization based in Nice, France. Its aim is to promote international cooperation in higher education and research in mathematics and related subjects, particularly computer science, for the benefit of developing countries.

International Mathematical Union (IMU)
http://www.mathunion.org

The IMU is a non-governmental, non-profit organization with the purpose of promoting international cooperation in mathematics. The IMU's main activity is the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM), held every four years. The most prestigious prize for mathematical research, the Fields Medal, is awarded at the ICM.

International Commission on Mathematics Instruction (ICMI)
http://www.mathunion.org/icmi/home/

ICMI is a commission of the IMU whose aim is the development of mathematics education teaching and learning at all levels. It offers today a forum to promote reflection, collaboration, exchange and dissemination of ideas on the teaching and learning of mathematics, from primary to university level.  The work of ICMI stimulates the growth, synthesis, and dissemination of new knowledge (research) and of resources for instruction (curricular materials, pedagogical methods, uses of technology, etc.). 

Korean Mathematical Society (KMS)
http://www.kms.or.kr

The KMS was established in 1946 to promote research in pure and applied mathematics and mathematics education in Korea. The KMS is hosting the 2013 Asian Mathematical Conference in Busan.

Mathematical Society of Japan (MSJ)
http://mathsoc.jp/en/

The MSJ was founded in 1877 as Tokyo-Sugaku-Kaisha (Tokyo Mathematics Society) with 55 members. Subsequently, it was expanded to Tokyo-Sugaku-Buturi-Kaisha (Tokyo Mathematical and Physical Society) and later to Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan. It was split in 1946 into two separate societies: "The Mathematical Society of Japan" and "The Physical Society of Japan", and the MSJ as we have today was established at that time. The founders of "Tokyo Mathematics Society" recognized the importance of mathematics as the basis of all sciences, and devoted themselves in introducing European mathematics to Japan. In the ensuing 130 years, research and education of mathematics in Japan have seen dramatic development, and achievements of Japanese mathematical researchers have been receiving high recognition throughout the world.

Chinese Mathematical Society
http://www.cms.org.cn/cms-e/index.html

The Chinese Mathematical Society (CMS), as a constituent society of the China Association for Science and Technology, is nongovernmental organization for Chinese mathematicians. The aim of the Chinese Mathematical Society is to unite the mathematical scholars throughout China to contribute to the advancement of science and technology, to further the development of mathematics and to promote cooperation and exchange of information among its members.

Over the past decades, the Chinese Mathematical Society has been pursuing its mission by organizing domestic and international academic exchanges, presiding over the publication of mathematical periodicals, undertaking activities for the promotion of mathematical education, providing advisory services and disseminating mathematics knowledge, approving and encouraging the members with outstanding achievements.

At present the Chinese Mathematical Society has over 50,000 individual members. It plays a very important role in the fields of mathematical researches and mathematical education.

American Mathematical Society (AMS)
http://www.ams.org

The AMS is composed of professional mathematicians, educators and students, and has forged reciprocity agreements with mathematical societies around the world.

Mathematical Association of America (MAA)
http://www.maa.org

The Mathematical Association of America is the largest professional society in the US that focuses on undergraduate mathematics education.

African Mathematical Union
http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/AMU-index.html

The African Mathematical Union (AMU) or Union Mathematique Africaine (UMA) is the African equivalent of the IMU. It is an organization dedicated to the development of mathematics in the African continent.

European Mathematical Society
http://www.euro-math-soc.eu/index.html

Founded in 1990, the European Mathematical Society is a European organization dedicated to the development of mathematics in Europe. Its members are different mathematical societies in Europe, academic institutions and individual mathematicians.  i

Unión Matemática de America Latina y el Caribe (UMALCA)
http://www.umalca.org

Founded in July 1995, UMALCA (Mathematical Union of Latin America and the Carribean) promotes mathematics and mathematics exchange within the Carribean and Latin America. Its focal activity is the Latin American Congress of Mathematicians, held every fourth year in some country in the region.